Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the risk factors for postoperative distal adding-on in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and validate the relationship between fusion mass shift (FMS) and postoperative distal adding-on.
Overview of Literature: Postoperative distal curve adding-on is one of the complications in AIS. FMS has been proposed to prevent postoperative distal adding-on, which requires further validation from different institutions.
Methods: This study included 60 patients with Lenke 1 AIS who underwent selective thoracic fusion surgery. Coronal spinal alignment parameters were analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. The postoperative FMS was divided into two groups: the balanced group (FMS ≤20 mm) and the unbalanced group (FMS >20 mm). An independent t-test was used to compare quantitative data between groups, and a chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Furthermore, binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to identify the risk factors for postoperative distal adding-on in AIS.
Results: At 2-year follow-up, the unbalanced group was more likely to have adding-on (17 of 24 patients) than the balanced group (six of 36 patients; p<0.001). Twenty-three patients with distal adding-on had significantly greater preoperative and postoperative lower instrumented vertebrae (LIV) rotation, FMS, and FMS angle (FMSA) than those without postoperative distal adding-on. Binary logistic regression analysis selected three independent risk factors for adding-on incidence after surgery: FMS (odds ratio [OR], 1.115; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.049?1.185; p<0.001), FMSA (OR, 1.590; 95% CI, 1.225?2.064; p<0.001), and postoperative LIV rotation (OR, 6.581; 95% CI, 2.280?19.000; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Achieving a balanced fusion mass intraoperatively is important to avoid postoperative distal adding-on, with FMS of <20 mm and FMS angle of <4.5°. Furthermore, correcting LIV rotation helps to decrease the incidence of postoperative distal adding-on.
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